Antimony Trioxide: Production, Uses and Toxicology
Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is a white crystalline powder with a molar mass of 291.52 g/mol and a melting point of 656°C. It has two forms: senarmontite (below 570°C) and valentinite (above 570°C).
Read MoreAntimony Trioxide: Production, Uses and Toxicology
Antifreeze: Properties, Production and Uses
Antifreeze is a substance used to lower the freezing point of water or water-based liquids. It is most commonly used to protect internal combustion engines from freezing, but it also has other applications in refrigeration, heat transfer systems, water heaters, and more.
Toxicology of arsenic compounds
Arsenic compounds are generally toxic, especially inorganic ones. Some organic arsenic compounds used as chemical weapons are also highly toxic, but naturally occurring organic arsenic compounds in seafood are less so.
Arsenic Trioxide: Production and Uses
Arsenic trioxide, also known as white arsenic, is a highly toxic substance with a chemical formula of As2O3 and a molecular weight of 197.8 g/mol. It exists in three forms: two crystalline and one amorphous.
Anthraquinone: Properties, Production and Uses
Anthraquinone is an organic compound with the formula C14H8O2. It is a yellow, crystalline solid that is nearly insoluble in water and organic solvents at room temperature. Its solubility increases with temperature.
Anthracene: Properties, Production and Uses
Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C14H10 that is composed of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar and was discovered in 1832 by J. Dumas and H. A. Laurent. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.
Benzal Chloride: Properties, Production and Uses
Benzal chloride (C6H5CHCl2) is a colorless liquid that is synthesized by chlorinating the side chain of toluene. It is also known as dichloromethylbenzene, α,α-dichlorotoluene, or benzylidene chloride. The first synthesis of benzal chloride was reported in 1848 by A. Cahours, who reacted benzaldehyde with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5).
Benzyl Chloride: Properties, Production and Uses
Benzyl chloride, also known as α-chlorotoluene, is a toluene derivative with chlorine substitution in the side chain. It is a colorless liquid withthe chemical formula C7H7Cl.
Aniline Resins
Aniline resins are a type of resin that is formed by the reaction of formaldehyde and aromatic amines. The initial step in this reaction, known as hydroxymethylation, occurs in an alkaline environment and produces a basic condensate.
Urethane resins
Urethane resins are formed by the condensation reaction of a urethane (carbamate) with an aldehyde. The reaction conditions determine whether a distinct compound or a resin is formed.
Melamine Resins
Melamine reacts with formaldehyde at pH 9–10 to form hexahydroxymethylmelamine. One mole of melamine combines with 6 moles of formaldehyde to produce hexahydroxymethylmelamine.
Urea-Formaldehyde Resins
All urea–formaldehyde condensates containing the recurring unit urea-methyl, from monomolecular to high molecular products. During the 1970s, multiple revelations emerged regarding the composition of urea–formaldehyde resins.