Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of L-glutamic acid; it is used as a flavor enhancer with a global production of 3 million tonnes.

Acetone, also known as 2-propanone, is a colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent odor and low viscosity. It is the simplest ketone, with the formula C3H6O. Acetone is miscible with water, meaning it mixes readily with water in any proportion.

Phenol, also known as hydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, but technical grade phenol can be a liquid due to impurities. It has a distinct odor, often described as sickeningly sweet and tarry.

Vitamin B3 is one of the vitamins of the B complex. It is also called niacin. The terms niacin or vitamin B3 are generally used as generic descriptors for both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.

Phloroglucinol, also known as 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6O3. It is colorless to beige solid at room temperature and is soluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

Pyrogallol, also known as 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, is a white crystalline solid with the formula C6H6O3. Pyrogallol exists in the form of colorless needles or leaflets, which gradually change color to dark gray upon exposure to air or light.