Nitrobenzene: Production, Reaction and Uses
Nitrobenzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5NO2. It is a pale yellow liquid with a distinctive odor similar to bitter almonds.
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Nitration of Aromatic Compounds
The nitration reaction is a chemical process in which one or more nitro (NO2) groups are introduced into an aromatic nucleus by replacing a hydrogen atom. It is an electrophilic substitution reaction commonly used to modify aromatic compounds by attaching nitro groups, which can significantly alter their properties and reactivity.
Acylation of Aromatic Compounds
The Friedel-Crafts acylation involves the production of an aromatic ketone by the reaction between an aromatic compound and an acylating agent, which could be an acyl halide, an acid anhydride, an acid, or an ester. This reaction takes place in the presence of an acidic catalyst.
Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds involves an acid-catalyzed electrophilic substitution, wherein an alkyl group replaces an aromatic hydrogen. A diverse range of alkylating agents, such as olefins, alkyl halides, and alcohols, is commonly employed for this purpose.
Acrylonitrile: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses
Acrylonitrile is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C3H3N. It is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature and possesses a nitrile functional group attached to a carbon-carbon double bond. Acrylonitrile is an essential intermediate in the chemical industry and serves as a building block for various products.
Acrylic Acid: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses
Acrylic acid, also known as 2-propenoic acid, is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is a colorless liquid that is flammable, volatile and slightly toxic.
Acrolein: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses
Acrolein, also known as propenal or acrylaldehyde, is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde with the formula C3H4O. It is a volatile, colorless liquid with a strong odor that is both toxic and tear-inducing.
Acridine: Production, Properties and Uses
Acridine is an organic compound, a nitrogen heterocycle, with the molecular formula C13H9N. It was first discovered in 1870 by C. Graebe and H. Caro in coal-tar anthracene oil and was later identified as dibenzopyridine by C. Riedel, A. Bernthsen, and F. Bender in 1883.
Acetic anhydride: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses
Acetic anhydride is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CO)2O. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is commonly used as an acetylating agent and a dehydrating agent.
Hydrochloric acid: Properties, Production and Uses
Hydrochloric acid, known by its alternative name muriatic acid, is a solution of strong inorganic acid with the chemical formula HCl. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor that is very corrosive to skin, eyes and metals.
Hydroxylamine: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses
Hydroxylamine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2OH. It's a white crystalline solid, but due to its hygroscopic nature, it is almost always found and used in aqueous solution.
Dyeing of Wool and Silk
the art of dyeing wool and silk opens up a world of boundless possibilities. These natural fibers, renowned for their luxurious feel and versatility, are prime candidates for vibrant hues and enduring colorfastness.