Encyclopedia Of Industrial Chemistry: Chemicals, Processes And Applications

July 24, 2024
Chemical Processes

Industrial Production of Benzene

Benzene was traditionally produced from coal, but petroleum became the primary source in the mid-20th century due to new processes and increased demand. Catalytic cracking and reforming of petroleum fractions produce benzene and other aromatics.

April 23, 2024
Organic Chemicals

1,4-Benzoquinone: Production, Reactions and Uses

1,4-Benzoquinone, also commonly known as para-benzoquinone or simply quinone, is an organic compound with the formula C6H4O2. It appears as bright yellow crystals with a pungent odor similar to chlorine or bleach.

July 23, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Benzenesulfonic Acid: Properties, Production and Uses

Benzenesulfonic acid is an organic molecule with the formula C6H5SO3H. It is a white crystals or waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.

April 23, 2024
Chemicals

What is Acetone Used For in Drugs?

Acetone is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals. It plays a role in the production of pills/tablets and liquid medications, helping to balance fillers and active ingredients.

August 18, 2024
Chemical Processes

Benzaldehyde Condensation

Benzaldehyde condensation is a chemical reaction between benzaldehyde and an aldehyde or ketone molecules with an α-hydrogen to form an β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone. The reaction is typically catalyzed by a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

April 22, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Benzidine: Properties, Production and Uses

Benzidine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H12N2. It is a rayish-yellow, reddish-gray, or white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water.

August 4, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Benzaldehyde: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses

Benzaldehyde is the most important aromatic aldehyde, both in nature and industry, with the formula C7H6O. It is a colorless liquid with a distinctive odor resembling bitter almond.

August 8, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Aziridine: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses

Aziridine, also known as ethylenimine, is a saturated heterocyclic amine with the formula C2H5N. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor that is highly reactive due to the strain in its three-membered ring.

July 4, 2024
Chemicals

Uses of Methanol

Methanol is a highly versatile chemical with many uses. It is used as a fuel, a solvent, and a building block for many other chemicals and is also a renewable energy source.

April 22, 2024
Organic Chemicals

4-Nitrophenol: Properties, Production and Uses

4-Nitrophenol, also known as p-nitrophenol or 4-hydroxynitrobenzene, is an aromatic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO3. It is a yellow to colorless crystalline solid with a sweet, phenolic odor. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.

April 22, 2024
Carboxylic Acids

3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid: Properties, Production and Uses

3-hydroxybezoic acid is one of three isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid, the other two being 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C7H6O3. It is also known as m-hydroxybenzoic acid or m-salicylic acid. It is a white, odorless solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.

April 21, 2024
Carboxylic Acids

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid: Properties, Production and Uses

4-hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as para-hydroxybenzoic acid, is an aromatic organic acid with the chemical formula C7H6O3. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other polar solvents.