Boron is a nonmetallic element found in the third main group of the periodic table with the symbol B. It is not found free in nature, but rather bound to oxygen. Boron occurs as orthoboric acid and as alkali-metal and alkaline earth metal borates.
Boric acid is a hydrate of boric oxide, existing as both the trihydrate orthoboric acid, H3BO3 (B2O3·3 H2O), and the monohydrate metaboric acid, HBO2 (B2O3·H2O). Orthoboric acid is the commonly encountered commercial form, often simply referred to as boric acid.
Boron trioxide, also known as diboron trioxide, is the compound with the chemical formula B₂O₃. It is a colorless, transparent solid that is almost always glassy (amorphous), but can be crystallized with great difficulty.
Benzylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2NH2. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic amine odor. It is a primary amine with a benzene ring attached to it.
Benzyl alcohol is the simplest and most important industrial aromatic alcohol, with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a faint, pleasant odor that is slightly soluble in water but miscible with many organic solvents.
Benzene is a single-ring aromatic compound with the formula C6H6. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. Benzene is thermally stable and chemically reactive, making it a valuable precursor to many other chemicals.
Benzene was traditionally produced from coal, but petroleum became the primary source in the mid-20th century due to new processes and increased demand. Catalytic cracking and reforming of petroleum fractions produce benzene and other aromatics.
1,4-Benzoquinone, also commonly known as para-benzoquinone or simply quinone, is an organic compound with the formula C6H4O2. It appears as bright yellow crystals with a pungent odor similar to chlorine or bleach.
Benzenesulfonic acid is an organic molecule with the formula C6H5SO3H. It is a white crystals or waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Acetone is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals. It plays a role in the production of pills/tablets and liquid medications, helping to balance fillers and active ingredients.
Benzaldehyde condensation is a chemical reaction between benzaldehyde and an aldehyde or ketone molecules with an α-hydrogen to form an β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone. The reaction is typically catalyzed by a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Benzidine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H12N2. It is a rayish-yellow, reddish-gray, or white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water.