Carboxylic Acids

Cinnamic acid (3-phenylpropenoic acid) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅CH=CHCOOH found in nature and commercially available. It exists in two isomeric forms: cis and trans. The trans isomer is more stable and is the predominant form found naturally and commercially.

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), also known as trichloroethanoic acid, is a colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid with the chemical formula Cl3CCOOH. It is a strong acid and a corrosive substance that can damage skin, eyes, and other tissues upon contact.

3-hydroxybezoic acid is one of three isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid, the other two being 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C7H6O3. It is also known as m-hydroxybenzoic acid or m-salicylic acid. It is a white, odorless solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.

4-hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as para-hydroxybenzoic acid, is an aromatic organic acid with the chemical formula C7H6O3. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other polar solvents.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid, is a naturally occurring organic acid with the formula C7H6O4. It is a white or slightly off-white crystalline solid that is soluble in some organic solvents like ethanol and ether, but insoluble in water.

Adipic acid, also known as hexanedioic acid or 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, is an organic compound with the formula C6H10O4. It is a widely used aliphatic dicarboxylic acid that appears as a white crystalline solid.

Acrylic acid, also known as 2-propenoic acid, is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is a colorless liquid that is flammable, volatile and slightly toxic.

Solid glycolic acid is the simplest α-hydroxycarboxylic acid with the formula C2H4O3. It forms colorless, monoclinic, prismatic crystals. This acid exhibits high solubility in various solvents, including water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate.

Nitrobenzoic acids are derivatives of benzoic acid with the general formula C7H5NO4. Two isomers (meta and para) are commercially important. Nitrobenzoic acids are about ten times more acidic than benzoic acid because of the presence of the nitro groupe.

Acetic acid is a clear, colorless, corrosive liquid that has a pungent odor and is a dangerous vesicant. It is found in dilute solutions in many plant and animal systems.

Terephthalic acid is an organic diacid with the chemical formula C6H4(CO2H)2. It is a white crystalline solid classified as commodity chemical, Terephthalic acid exists commercially in a free-flowing powder form that comprises rounded crystals. When recrystallized slowly, it forms needles.

Glyoxylic acid, also known as oxoacetic acid, is the simplest α-oxocarboxylic acid with the formula C2H2O3. It is a colorless solid that is present in plants and plays an important role in animal metabolic cycles.