Crotonic acid is the trans-isomer of 2-butenoic acid. It is a short-chain, unsaturated carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH=CHCOOH. The cis isomer of 2-butenoic acid is known as isocrotonic acid.
Crotonaldehyde [4170-30-3], also known as 2-butenal, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and strong lacrimatory properties. It has a chemical formula of CH3CH=CHCHO, and it exists as two stereoisomers: cis-crotonaldehyde [15798-64-8] and trans-crotonaldehyde [123-73-9].
Perchloric acid is a strong mineral acid with the chemical formula HClO4. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is usually found in aqueous solutions. Perchloric acid is one of the strongest Brønsted-Lowry acids.
Sodium chlorite is the sodium salt of the unstable chlorous acid with the formula NaClO2. It appears as a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
Chlorine dioxide is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula ClO2. It exists as a yellowish-green gas at room temperature, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution and is produced on-site for industrial applications.
During World War II, research on chlorinated phenoxy compounds led to the discovery of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a selective herbicide. This discovery revolutionized weed control in grasses and related crops like cereals, rice, and sugarcane.
Trimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3. It is a colorless gas or compressed liquid with a strong fishy odor, at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, the odor becomes more ammonia-like.
Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂NH. It is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor, although at low concentrations it can smell like fish, and its odor is more potent than methylamine and less than trimethylamine. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%.
Methylamine is the simplest primary amine, with the formula CH3NH2. It’s a colorless gas that’s derived from ammonia, with one hydrogen atom replaced by a methyl group. It was first synthesized in 1849 by Wurtz alongside dimethylamine and trimethylamine.
Choline [62-49-7], also known as trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, is a quaternary ammonium compound with the molecular formula C₅H₁₅O₂N. It was first isolated from pig bile in 1849 by Stecker and is subsequently found in brain tissue.
Cinnamic acid (3-phenylpropenoic acid) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅CH=CHCOOH found in nature and commercially available. It exists in two isomeric forms: cis and trans. The trans isomer is more stable and is the predominant form found naturally and commercially.
2-Chlorophenol, also known as ortho-chlorophenol, is an aromatic compound with the chemical formula C6H4ClOH. It is a liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.