Encyclopedia Of Industrial Chemistry: Chemicals, Processes And Applications

April 30, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Choline: Properties, Salts, Production and Uses

Choline [62-49-7], also known as trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, is a quaternary ammonium compound with the molecular formula C₅H₁₅O₂N. It was first isolated from pig bile in 1849 by Stecker and is subsequently found in brain tissue.

April 30, 2024
Carboxylic Acids

Cinnamic Acid: Properties, Production and Uses

Cinnamic acid (3-phenylpropenoic acid) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅CH=CHCOOH found in nature and commercially available. It exists in two isomeric forms: cis and trans. The trans isomer is more stable and is the predominant form found naturally and commercially.

April 30, 2024
Organic Chemicals

2-Chlorophenol: Properties, Production and Uses

2-Chlorophenol, also known as ortho-chlorophenol, is an aromatic compound with the chemical formula C6H4ClOH. It is a liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.

June 29, 2024
Chemicals

Chloroamines: Properties, Reactions and Examples

Chloroamines are nitrogen-containing compounds, either inorganic or organic, where one or more chlorine atoms are directly attached to a nitrogen atom. Monochloroamine (NH2Cl), discovered in the early 1800s, is a well-known example.

April 30, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Chloropropanol: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses

Propylene chlorohydrin is a general term that refers to the two isomers of chloropropanol (1-chloro-2-propanol and 2-chloro-l-propanol) with the chemical formula C3H7ClO. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor, and it is soluble in water and organic solvents.

April 30, 2024
Organic Chemicals

2-Chloroethanol: Properties, Reactions, Production and Uses

2-Chloroethanol, also known as ethylene chlorohydrin, is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2Cl. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that was an important intermediate used in the past to produce ethylene oxide, but that is no longer the case.

February 19, 2024
Carboxylic Acids

Trichloroacetic Acid: Properties, Production and Uses

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), also known as trichloroethanoic acid, is a colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid with the chemical formula Cl3CCOOH. It is a strong acid and a corrosive substance that can damage skin, eyes, and other tissues upon contact.

April 29, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Dichloromethane: Properties, Production and Uses

Dichloromethane, also known as methylene chloride, or DCM, is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. Its chemical formula is CH2Cl2, and it is a widely used industrial solvent with a variety of applications. It represents 25% of the total production of chloromethanes (CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CCl4).

April 29, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Trichloroacetaldehyde (Chloral)

Trichloroacetaldehyde [75-87-6], also known as chloral or 2,2,2-trichloroethanal, is an organic compound with the formula CCl3CHO. It is a colorless liquid that was first produced in 1832 by Justus von Liebig through the chlorination of ethanol.

April 2, 2024
Chemical Processes

Acetylation

In chemistry, acetylation is an organic reaction in which an acetyl group (CH3CO-) is introduced into a molecule. This reaction typically involves the use of acetic acid (CH3COOH) or acetic anhydride (CH3CO)2O as the acetylating agent. The resulting product is called acetate.

April 29, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Dichloroacetaldehyde: Properties, Production and Uses

Dichloroacetaldehyde [79-02-7], or 2,2-dichloroethanal, is a chlorinated acetaldehyde with the chemical formula Cl2CHCHO. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, irritating odor that was produced for the first time in 1868 by F. Paterno by distillation of dichlorodiethyl acetal, CHCl2CH(OC2H5)2, with sulfuric acid.

April 29, 2024
Organic Chemicals

Chloroacetaldehyde: Properties, Production and Uses

Chloroacetaldehyde [107-20-0], also known as 2-chloroethanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH2ClCHO. It is a colorless liquid that was first produced in pure form by K. Natterer in 1882 by heating chloroacetaldehyde diethyl acetal with anhydrous oxalic acid at 100–150 °C.