L-ascorbic acid, also known as (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one, is the IUPAC designation for vitamin C. It is a white or odorless powder or crystal with an acidic taste that is found in nature and has antiscorbutic activity, meaning it prevents scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency.

Malononitrile, also known as propanedinitrile, malonic acid dinitrile, or dicyanomethane, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₃H₂N₂. It is a colorless or white solid that is a valuable building block used extensively in organic synthesis.

Cyanuric chloride, also known as 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, is an organic compound with the formula C₃N₃Cl₃. It appears as a colorless, crystalline solid with a pungent odor. It is the chlorinated derivative of 1,3,5-triazine and the trimer of cyanogen chloride.

Cyanuric acid, also known as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, is an odorless white crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C₃H₃N₃O₃. It is a cyclic trimer that interconverts between several structures via lactam-lactim tautomerism.

Phthalonitrile, also known as 1,2-dicyanobenzene or 1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile, is an organic compound with the formula C₈H₄N₂. It is a crystalline powder with a faint grayish yellow color and a slight aromatic odor, similar to benzonitrile.

Phthalimide, also known as 1,3-dioxoisoindoline, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₈H₅O₂N. It is a white solid that is slightly soluble in water and soluble in basic solutions.

Phthalic anhydride [85-44-9], also known as isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, is an organic compound with the formula C₆H₄(CO)₂O. It is a colorless to white, solid in the form of needles with a mild, distinctive odor that is formed by the dehydration of phthalic acid.