Chloroacetaldehyde [107-20-0], also known as 2-chloroethanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH2ClCHO. It is a colorless liquid that was first produced in pure form by K. Natterer in 1882 by heating chloroacetaldehyde diethyl acetal with anhydrous oxalic acid at 100–150 °C.

Tetrachloromethane, also known as carbon tetrachloride, is an organic compound with the formula CCl4. It is a colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic odor that was used as an industrial solvent with a wide range of applications. However, its potent toxicity and harmful environmental impact have led to a significant decline in its use in recent decades.

Trichloromethane, also known as chloroform [67-66-3], is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHCl3. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet yet pungent odor. Historically, it was used in anesthesia and as a solvent, but due to its toxicity, it has been substituted by safer products.

Chloromethane, also known as methyl chloride, is the simplest chlorinated derivative of methane with the chemical formula CH3Cl. It’s a colorless gas with a faint, sweet odor that occurs naturally in trace amounts but is primarily produced industrially.

Carbazole is a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H9N. It was first isolated from coal tar in 1872 by Graebe and Glaser. Its structure features a dibenzopyrrole, consisting of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring fused to two benzene rings.

Triethylamine (TEA) is tertiary amine, represented by the chemical formula N(CH2CH3)3. It is a colorless easily flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. It one of the most widely used organic amine base in synthetic organic chemistry.

Caprolactam, also known as 2-oxohexamethylenimine or hexahydro-1H-azepin-2-one, is a cyclic amide derived from caproic acid with the formula C6H11NO. It exists as a white, hygroscopic solid with a slight odor. It is used to produce Nylon 6 and the global demand for caprolactam surpasses 5 million tons annually.

Acetylene also known as ethyne, is a colorless, flammable gas with the chemical formula C2H2. It is the simplest hydrocarbon with a triple bond. It finds widespread use as a fuel in oxy-acetylene welding and cutting due to its incredibly hot flame, and as a chemical building block for various organic chemicals and plastics.

γ-Butyrolactone (CAS 96-48-0), also known as γ-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, is a simple organic compound with the formula C4H6O2. It is a hygroscopic and colorless liquid with a faint odor, might seem unremarkable at first glance.

2-Methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butanol, is the simplest tertiary alcohol with the chemical formulat (CH3)3COH. It is a colorless, solid crystal at room temperature. However, it melts near room temperature (26 °C) to become a viscous liquid with a camphor-like odor.

2-Butanol, also known as sec-butanol, is a colorless liquid with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. It is a secondary alcohol and unlike its structural isomers, 1-butanol, isobutanol, and tert-butanol, 2-butanol is chiral. This means it exists in two forms, (R)-2-butanol and (S)-2-butanol

2-Methyl-1-propanol, also known as isobutanol or isobutyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic smell that occurs in natural products as well as in fusel oils.