During World War II, research on chlorinated phenoxy compounds led to the discovery of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a selective herbicide. This discovery revolutionized weed control in grasses and related crops like cereals, rice, and sugarcane.
Chloroamines are nitrogen-containing compounds, either inorganic or organic, where one or more chlorine atoms are directly attached to a nitrogen atom. Monochloroamine (NH2Cl), discovered in the early 1800s, is a well-known example.
cellulose acetate fibers are a type of synthetic fiber derived from cellulose. They are one of the earliest synthetic fibers ever developed and were once widely used in various applications. They are made by treating cellulose with acetic acid and acetic anhydride to create cellulose acetate, which is then dissolved in a solvent and spun into fibers through a dry spinning process.
Cellulose acetate is a commercially important thermoplastic, formed from acetylation of cellulose (natural polymer). This reaction converts all primary and secondary hydroxyl groups within the cellulose chain into cellulose triacetate, a fully esterified intermediate, which can be isolated or further processed.
Cellulose nitrate, also known as nitrocellulose, flash paper, guncotton, or celluloid, is a chemical product derived from the natural polymer cellulose. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless substance. Its characteristics are dependent on the degree of substitution.
Acetylene (C2H2) is a simple molecule that finds applications across a wide range of fields. Its unique properties – high flame temperature, rapid heat transfer, and diverse chemical reactivity – make it a valuable material for industries such as metalworking and chemical production.
Boron is a nonmetallic element found in the third main group of the periodic table with the symbol B. It is not found free in nature, but rather bound to oxygen. Boron occurs as orthoboric acid and as alkali-metal and alkaline earth metal borates.
Acetone is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals. It plays a role in the production of pills/tablets and liquid medications, helping to balance fillers and active ingredients.
Methanol is a highly versatile chemical with many uses. It is used as a fuel, a solvent, and a building block for many other chemicals and is also a renewable energy source.
Antioxidants are used in four primary categories of substrates: foods, fuels, lubricants, and polymers. Each category has its own specific antioxidant products, but some antioxidants can be used in multiple categories.
Neutral dyes are those that do not change the pH of the solution in which they are dissolved. They are often used to dye synthetic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, which are not affected by acidic or alkaline dyes.
Antifreeze is a substance used to lower the freezing point of water or water-based liquids. It is most commonly used to protect internal combustion engines from freezing, but it also has other applications in refrigeration, heat transfer systems, water heaters, and more.