Gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a hydroxyaromatic acid with the chemical formula C7H6O5. It is a white solid but often appears brown due to oxidation that is soluble in alcohol and polar solvents. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1786.
Malic acid, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid or hydroxybutanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O5. It is a naturally occurring organic compound characterized by a tart taste.
Acetonedicarboxylic acid, also known as 3-oxoglutaric acid, 3-oxopentane dicarboxylic acid, or β-ketoglutaric acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C5H6O5. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol.
Levulinic acid, also known as 4-oxopentanoic acid or γ-ketovaleric acid, is the simplest and most important γ-oxocarboxylic acid with the formula C5H8O3. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, pyroracemic acid, or α-ketopropionic acid, is an important α-oxocarboxylic acid with the formula C3H4O3. It is a colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of acetic acid that plays an important role in energy metabolism in living organisms.
Succinic acid, also known as butanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O4. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is found in amber, in numerous plants (e.g., algae, lichens, rhubarb, and tomatoes), and in many lignites.
Ethylbenzene, also known as phenylethane, is a single-ring alkylaromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C8H10. It is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor.
Fumaric acid, also known as trans-butenedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C4H4O4. It is widely found in nature and appears as a white, crystalline solid with a fruit-like taste.
Maleic anhydride, also known as 2,5-furandione, is an organic compound with the formula C4H2O3. It is a colorless or white solid with a strong, irritating odor that is industrially more important compared to maleic acid.
Maleic acid, also known as cis-butenedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C4H4O4. It appears as a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, better known as EDTA, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula C10H16N2O8. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water and is one of the most commonly used chelating agents in diverse industries.
Thioglycolic acid, also known as mercaptoacetic acid, is the simplest and industrially most important mercaptocarboxylic acid with the formula HSCH2COOH. It is a colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.