Biotechnology is a broad and interdisciplinary field that involves the use of living organisms, biological systems, and their components to develop or improve products, processes, and technologies.
It encompasses a range of scientific disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology, among others. Biotechnology is used in a variety of fields, including healthcare, agriculture, food production, environmental management, and manufacturing.

Industrial fermentation is a process that involves the use of microorganisms to produce various products on a large scale. This process has been used for centuries to produce alcoholic beverages, bread, and dairy products.

Catalysts are substances that accelerate or facilitate chemical reactions without themselves being consumed or changed. These versatile substances are used in various fields, including industrial chemistry, to drive chemical reactions that are necessary for the production of essential materials and products.

Chemical process optimization is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical processes in the industry. It is an essential aspect of modern manufacturing, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining the profitability of chemical plants.

Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is obtained by evaporating sodium hydroxide solution until the water content is < 0.5 – 1.5 wt %.

Sodium hydroxide solution is produced industrially mainly by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. This yields sodium hydroxide solution, chlorine, and hydrogen.

Chemical reactions are a fundamental aspect of many industrial processes. These reactions involve the transformation of one or more substances into new products.