Boron trioxide, also known as diboron trioxide, is the compound with the chemical formula B₂O₃. It is a colorless, transparent solid that is almost always glassy (amorphous), but can be crystallized with great difficulty.
Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is a white crystalline powder with a molar mass of 291.52 g/mol and a melting point of 656°C. It has two forms: senarmontite (below 570°C) and valentinite (above 570°C).
Arsenic trioxide, also known as white arsenic, is a highly toxic substance with a chemical formula of As2O3 and a molecular weight of 197.8 g/mol. It exists in three forms: two crystalline and one amorphous.
Aluminates are metal salts of alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3). The most important aluminates in industry are sodium aluminate and barium aluminate.
Hans Christian Oersted first prepared anhydrous aluminum chloride in 1825 by passing chlorine gas through a heated mixture of alumina and carbon. This compound is a significant catalyst in organic chemistry, particularly for Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, which are used to produce alkylated aromatics, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and perfumery chemicals.
Alum, recognized as a double salt of potassium and aluminum sulfates, was known among the ancient Greeks and Romans as both an astringent and a mordant for wool dyeing. It found diverse application, extending to skin processing, preservation of both animal and human remains, and for fireproofing wood.
Aluminum sulfate is a white, odorless, crystalline solid. It is a chemical compound with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It is soluble in water and forms a clear solution. Aluminum sulfate is a common industrial chemical and is used for a variety of purposes.
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a chemical compound composed of ammonia (NH3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). It exists as a white crystalline solid with a characteristic salty taste and is commonly known as sal ammoniac.
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a chemical compound composed of ammonium ions (NH4+) and nitrate ions (NO3-). It is a colorless, crystalline substance widely used in various applications, including agriculture, industry, and explosives.
Ammonium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula (NH4)2SO4. It is commonly encountered as a white, crystalline powder or granular substance. It has emerged as a significant compound during the 19th century produced from ammonia found in coke-oven gas.
Hydrochloric acid, known by its alternative name muriatic acid, is a solution of strong inorganic acid with the chemical formula HCl. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor that is very corrosive to skin, eyes and metals.
Hydroxylamine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2OH. It's a white crystalline solid, but due to its hygroscopic nature, it is almost always found and used in aqueous solution.